Tuesday, December 28, 2010

Philosophy reveals things...

"The key data here come from studies in which subjects were given brief vignettes and then asked to determine whether particular behaviors within those vignettes were performed ‘intentionally.’ By systematically varying aspects of the vignettes, researchers can determine which factors are influencing people’s intuitions. It can thereby be shown that these intuitions show a systematic sensitivity to moral considerations.

Here is one of the vignettes:

The vice-president of a company went to the chairman of the board and said, ‘We are thinking of starting a new program. It will help us increase profits, but it will also harm the environment.’
The chairman of the board answered, ‘I don’t care at all about harming the environment. I just want to make as much profit as I can. Let’s start the new program.’
They started the new program. Sure enough, the environment was harmed.

Faced with this vignette, most subjects (85%) said that the chairman intentionally harmed the environment [1].
One might think that this judgment was based entirely on certain information about the agent’s mental states (e.g., the fact that he specifically knew the policy would harm the environment). But it seems that there is more to the story. For suppose we leave all of the agent’s mental states the same but change the moral status of the behavior by simply replacing the word ‘harm’ with ‘help.’ The vignette then becomes:

The vice-president of a company went to the chairman of the board and said, ‘We are thinking of starting a new program. It will help us increase profits, and it will also help the environment.’ The chairman of the board answered, ‘I don’t care at all about helping the environment. I just want to make as much profit as I can. Let’s start the new program.’ They started the new program. Sure enough, the environment was helped.

Faced with this second vignette, only 23% of subjects said that the chairman intentionally helped the environment [1]."

From Joshua Knobe - "Theory of Mind and Moral Cognition: Exploring the Connections"

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